Bletilla Striata Extract

Bletilla striata Extract: A Comprehensive Overview‌ Introduction‌ Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. f., commonly known as "Bai Ji" in Chinese, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Orchidaceae family. Native to East Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea, it has been revered for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for its medicinal properties. The extract derived from its tubers, known as Bletilla striata extract, is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes, and phenolic acids, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological effects. Chemical Composition‌ The extract is characterized by a complex chemical profile. Polysaccharides, particularly Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSPs), are the most abundant and pharmacologically active components. These high-molecular-weight compounds are composed of glucose and mannose, forming a glucomannan structure. Bibenzyls, such as coelonin and gigantol, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Phenanthrenes, including blestriatin and blestriatin A, contribute to its hemostatic and wound-healing effects. Additionally, phenolic acids like protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid enhance its antioxidant capacity. Pharmacological Properties‌ Bletilla striata extract demonstrates a wide range of biological activities. Its hemostatic properties are attributed to the activation of the coagulation cascade and platelet aggregation, making it effective in treating internal and external bleeding. The extract also promotes wound healing by stimulating cell proliferation and collagen synthesis, which accelerates tissue repair. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, reducing inflammation in conditions like arthritis and dermatitis.