Zeaxanthin

Zeaxanthin: A Comprehensive Overview Introduction Zeaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment that plays a crucial role in human health, particularly in ocular protection and overall well-being. As a member of the xanthophyll family, it is closely related to lutein and shares similar chemical properties but exhibits distinct biological functions. This article delves into the chemical structure, natural sources, physiological roles, health benefits, and applications of zeaxanthin, providing a detailed understanding of this essential nutrient. Chemical Structure and Properties Zeaxanthin (C40H56O2) is classified as a carotenoid alcohol, featuring a long polyene chain with two hydroxyl groups at each end. Its molecular structure consists of 40 carbon atoms, 56 hydrogen atoms, and two oxygen atoms, with a molecular weight of 568.88 g/mol. The presence of multiple conjugated double bonds endows zeaxanthin with strong antioxidant properties, enabling it to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. These double bonds also contribute to its vibrant yellow-orange color, which is characteristic of many natural pigments. Unlike lutein, zeaxanthin's hydroxyl groups are located at the 3 and 3' positions of the ionone rings, giving it a unique stereochemistry. This structural difference influences its absorption and distribution within the body, particularly in the eye. Zeaxanthin is insoluble in water but readily dissolves in organic solvents such as chloroform and acetone, making it suitable for extraction and purification processes.